人工耳蜗磁体

人工耳蜗 is an implantable hearing aid device which provides a sense of sound to the person with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss.是一种可植入的助听器设备,可为患有严重到严重的感音神经性听力损失的人提供声音感觉。 Unlike the traditional deaf-aid, the working principle of cochlear implant is not amplifying the sound but apply electrical stimulation to the well-functioning auditory nerve in the cochlea.与传统的聋人助听器不同,人工耳蜗的工作原理不是放大声音,而是对耳蜗中功能良好的听觉神经施加电刺激。

听觉系统如何工作?

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  1. 人耳可分为外耳,中耳和内耳。
  2. Outer ear includes auricle and canal.外耳包括耳廓和耳道。 Sound will further transmit through the canal after collecting and filtered by auricle.声音在被耳廓收集并过滤后将进一步通过耳道传播。
  3. Middle ear includes the tympanic membrane and Ossicular chain.中耳包括鼓膜和听小骨链。 The tympanic membrane will vibrate in path with sound rhythm.鼓膜会随着声音的节奏振动。 The sound will translate to mechanical vibration during this process and vibration will be further entered the inner ear via Ossicular chain.在此过程中,声音将转换为机械振动,并且振动将通过听骨链进一步进入内耳。
  4. Inner ear includes the cochlea and auditory nerve.内耳包括耳蜗和听神经。 The sound vibration will lead to the movement of cochlear fluid and thus cause the bends of hair cells.声音振动将导致耳蜗液的运动,从而导致毛细胞弯曲。 The neutral signal generated by hair cell will be picked up by the auditory nerve.毛细胞产生的中性信号将被听觉神经吸收。 Therefore, the signal will be translated into sound by the brain.因此,信号将被大脑转换为声音。

人工耳蜗的结构

  1. 人工耳蜗系统包含内部部分和外部部分。
  2. Internal part of cochlear implant includes receiver, decoder, and stimulator.人工耳蜗的内部包括接收器,解码器和刺激器。 Internal part will be placed under the skin behind the ear by surgery.内部部分将通过手术放置在耳朵后面的皮肤下。
  3. External part includes microphone, speech processor, and transmitter.外部包括麦克风,语音处理器和发射器。 External part is always placed behind the ear.外部部分始终放在耳朵后面。
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人工耳蜗的工作原理

Hair cells of the deaf person are damaged or reduced due to different lesions, then residues cannot drive auditory nerve normally.聋人的毛细胞由于病变程度不同而受损或减少,因此残留物无法正常驱动听觉神经。 For cochlear implant, the electrical stimulation will apply to the auditory nerve directly which skip to the sector of hair cells.对于人工耳蜗,电刺激将直接施加到听神经,而听神经跳到毛细胞的扇区。

  1. 麦克风收集声音,并将信息传播到语音处理器。
  2. 语音处理器对信息进行数字化,过滤和编码。
  3. 数字信号通过导线传播到传输线圈,然后信号传输到皮肤下的接收器和刺激器。
  4. 接收器和刺激器解码信息。
  5. 传递电子信号以指定电极阵列的位置,从而刺激耳蜗中的神经纤维。
  6. 神经接收到电子信号后,大脑会将电子信号识别为声音。

MRI兼容的人工耳蜗磁铁

MRI会带来并发症的显着风险,例如疼痛,不适和 磁铁's dislocation.的脱臼。 Cochlear implant manufacturers have introduced many solutions to solve disadvantage influence of the powerful magnetic field (1.5T and 3.0T) to internal cochlear implant magnets.人工耳蜗制造商已经推出了许多解决方案,以解决强大的磁场(XNUMXT和XNUMXT)对内部人工耳蜗磁体的不利影响。 In fact, how to make self-aligning cochlear implant magnets to avert surgery is still mainstream manufacturers.实际上,如何制造自对准的人工耳蜗磁铁来避免手术仍然是主流制造商。 Magnets with special magnetization direction and isotropic NdFeB powder has been already used currently.目前已经使用了具有特殊磁化方向的磁体和各向同性的NdFeB粉末。

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